Statistics showed that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the cause of approximately half of mortalities in industrial countries and fatty acids consumption can increases hypercholesterolemia. One of the major sources of dietary fats is dairy products. This article reviews the studies and papers on the relationship between dairy fats and LIPID PROFILES. After searching in PubMed database using keywords such as “cholesterol, milk cream, dairy fat, blood LIPID, milk fat and cardiovascular disease”, more than 200 articles were obtained. Then we limited our search to English language, full text available and published from 2002 to 2011. Finally, 14 articles were selected. Some cohorts indicated that dairy fat increased the risk of cardiovascular disease, however, other studies revealed no association between dairy fat intake and cardiovascular risks. In a study, for example, the effect of dairy consumption had an inverse association with metabolic syndrome and another study showed the low prevalence of CVD among subjects that had high consumption of milk in their diets. There were conflicting results on the relationship between dairy fat and CVD. Further prospective studies are required to better distinguish this associations.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of good glycemic control on serum LIPIDs levels and LIPID peroxidation, and to find out the relationship between the level of malondialdehyde and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty type 2 diabetic patients aged 40-60 years with the history of diabetes for more than 10 years were studied. Glycemic control was stable for six months which included: having a healthy diet, doing adequate levels of daily exercise, using medicine for diabetes control, control and measuring blood glucose more often. HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, serum levels of LIPIDs, lipoproteins and oxidation parameter (malondialdehyde level) are measured at the base line and after 6 months good glycemic control.RESULTS: Good glycemic control decreased fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and malondialdehyde. However, the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased. There was no significant relationship between malondialdehyde and HbA1cin type 2 diabetes.CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients, in addition to beneficial effects on LIPID PROFILES, may contribute in lowering LIPID peroxidation parameter (malondialdehyde).

Background: LIPID abnormalities are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. In addition to age and sex, other variables can affect serum LIPID levels, warranting the determination of population-specific reference values. This study aimed to determine age-and sex-specific reference values for serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) in healthy Tehranian adults. Methods: TC, TG, and HDL-C were measured using the enzymatic colorimetric method and the Friedewald equation (LDL-C = TC − HDL-C − TG/5) was used to calculate LDL-C concentrations in individuals with TG <400 mg/dL. After applying the exclusion criteria, 1147 participants (548 men and 599 women) aged ≥ 20 years were included. For determining reference values, the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry guidelines (non-parametric method) and the robust method were used for sample sizes ≥ 120 and <120, respectively. Results: Reference values for serum TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG were 121. 0– 261. 0, 54. 1– 175. 2, 30. 9– 71. 9, and 46. 9– 301. 2 mg/dL in men and 117. 8– 235. 9, 49. 9– 160. 9, 36. 0– 83. 9, and 38. 1– 184. 2 mg/dL in women, respectively. All parameters except HDL-C were higher in men than women and showed an increasing trend with age. Conclusion: Reference values for serum TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG in healthy Tehranian adults were determined, and these values could provide the basis for better decision making in both prevention and clinical settings.

Background and objectives: In tuberculosis, the most of the laboratory findings such as immunologic and biochemical parameters show significant changes. These changes can result from secondary injuries that rarely have been studied. It is understood that phagocytic function of neutrophiles, macrophages and monocytes is coincident with respiratory explosion and culminates to rising of free radical production. This increase along with its destructive effects on LIPIDs and lipoproteins, results in atherosclerosis. In this study serum LIPIDs profile and Lp (a) were evaluated in pulmonary tuberculosis patients as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and compared with those of control group.Material and Methods: In this study a total of 40 male patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis before starting treatment with mean age of 38.2±10.7 years were selected as patient group. Forty healthy male with mean age of 39.3±9.3 years were chosen as control group. The subjects with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, metabolic and renal diseases were excluded from the study. The serum levels of Lp (a) were measured by immunoturbidometric and the of LIPIDs profile by standard methods.Results: Comparing with control, significant elevation in the level of Lp (a) in the patients group were noticed (p<0.05). No marked differences between serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and HDL-C between the two groups were observed (p>0.05). In the both groups the correlations between serum levels of Lp (a) and those of LIPIDs profile were not meaningful (p>0.05).Conclusion: Our data suggest that the increased level of Lp (a) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis may be one of the important risk factors of atherosclerosis. Further studies to find the factor causing the Lp (a) elevation and administration of special dietary regime or drug to reduce the level of this atherogenic lipoprotein may be useful in these patients.

Background: The increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a challenging health problem worldwide with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The association between metabolic factors and HCC has been documented, however, there is a shortage of data about this association in our locality. Therefore, we aimed to determine the pattern of LIPID profile in cirrhotic patients with HCC and investigate the association between dysLIPIDemia and HCC. Method: In this case-control hospital-based study, serum LIPID profile [total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)] was determined in 100 patients with cirrhosis and 100 patients with cirrhosis and HCC. Multivariate analysis of HCC risk factors was done. Results: Metabolic syndrome, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, high LDL, and combined dysLIPIDemia were significantly more frequent in HCC patients than non-HCC patients. Low HDL and dysLIPIDemia were significantly associated with the late HCC stages and LDL levels were significantly correlated with α-fetoprotein levels. There was a tendency towards increasing the values of the other LIPID parameters in advanced stages. Metabolic syndrome and combined dysLIPIDemia were associated with HCC risk. Conclusion: Deranged LIPID PROFILES were common in HCC patients. Metabolic syndrome and combined dysLIPIDemia could be potential risk factors for HCC and may offer a useful strategy for risk stratification; thus, their control can reduce the HCC burden.

Introduction: LIPID metabolism is one of the main concerns of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Little is known about the association between dietary patterns and dysLIPIDemia. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine such association among Iranian adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1433 Iranian adults in Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP). Usual dietary intakes were assessed with the use of a 48 items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Three major dietary patterns were identified: western, semi healthy and healthy fat patterns. Results: After adjustment, subjects in the upper quartiles of western dietary pattern were more likely to have high total cholesterol concentrations than those in the first quartile (odds ratio [OR]: 2. 07; 95% CI: 1. 25-3. 42). Individuals with greater adherence to western dietary pattern had greater odds of having high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels compared with those in the lowest quartiles (2. 53; 1. 45-4. 40). Conclusion: Semi healthy dietary pattern was not associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Same trend was observed for healthy fat dietary pattern. Significant association was found between western dietary pattern and dysLIPIDemia among Iranian adults.

Background & Objective: Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis that responded variably to dietary modification of fat and cholesterol. Previous studies in humans have shown that ingestion of lecithin can alter plasma cholesterol and triglyceride but results were different. The current study was designed to investigate the hypocholesterolemic properties of lecithin on patient with hypercholesterolemia.Materials & Methods: Sixty one subjects (27 Male, 34 Female) with mean ages 44±14 years old with hypercholesterolemia, was admitted to Mottahari Health Center(Shiraz), randomly assigned to the case (n=31) and control (n=30) groups. Case group received three lecithin capsules (1200 mg) which contain 420 mg Phosphatidylecoline, daily for six weeks. Subject's weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) and serum LIPID concentration were measured at the beginning and the end of six weeks. Results: No significant difference were found in mean weight in case group when compared to control group. Also no significant difference were found in mean BMI in case group when compared to control group. Significantly lower mean serum Total Cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride and significantly higher HDL cholesterol were found in case group. In addition mean serum total cholesterol (P<0.05), LDL cholesterol (P<0.05) and TG (P<0.05) decreased and mean serum HDL-Cholesterol (P<0.05) increases significantly in case group vs. control group.Conclusion: This study showed that lecithin could be considered as effective nutrient useful in dietary treatment of hypercholesterolemia.